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Writer's pictureDavid Sterrett

Unlocking Business Funding with ROBS: A Guide to Rollover as Business Startup

If you’re looking for more funds for your business, you may be able to tap into your retirement savings. ROBS (Rollover as Business Startup) is a tax-free way to do this; however, this comes with risks. Here are some things to consider before pursuing a ROBS 401(K) transaction.


What is a ROBS Transaction?


A ROBS allows you to use your own retirement savings to fund startup costs or purchase an existing business. Unlike traditional financing methods such as loans or equity funding, ROBS lets you tap into your retirement funds without paying taxes or early withdrawal penalties, as long as the funds are properly rolled into a new business entity.

The main benefit of a ROBS is that it provides you with capital to start or buy a business without increasing your debt load or triggering tax obligations. However, one significant drawback is that the IRS scrutinizes ROBS transactions closely, making compliance crucial. Additionally, there’s the inherent risk of using retirement savings for a business, which may affect your long-term financial security.


How Does a ROBS Work?


The process of setting up a ROBS involves several steps to ensure compliance with legal and tax regulations:


  1. Set up a C CorporationThe business must be structured as a C Corporation. This is because only C Corps can issue stock that is purchased by a retirement account.

  2. Establish a Qualifying Retirement PlanYou need to set up a new retirement plan, typically a 401(k) within the C Corporation. This plan must be designed to allow for the purchase of employer stock.

  3. Rollover Your Retirement SavingsFunds from your existing retirement account (like a 401(k) or IRA) are rolled over into the new 401(k) plan within the C Corporation.

  4. Buy Stock in Your New CompanyYour new 401(k) uses the rolled-over funds to purchase stock in the C Corporation, which now owns the business.

  5. Use the Proceeds to Fund Business ExpensesThe money raised from the stock purchase can then be used to cover startup costs, operational expenses, or even to buy an existing business.


Requirements for ROBS

Once the ROBS is in place, it’s essential to maintain compliance with several ongoing obligations, including:


  • IRS Form 5500This form must be filed annually to report information about the retirement plan.

  • Tax ObligationsThough the ROBS itself is tax-free, the C Corporation will still need to file taxes and comply with relevant tax laws.

  • State-Specific RegulationsDifferent states may have additional compliance requirements for C Corporations, so it’s essential to stay informed about local regulations.


Is ROBS Right for Your Business?

While ROBS can be a powerful financing tool, it isn’t the right fit for everyone. Below are factors to consider when deciding if ROBS is appropriate for your situation:


ROBS may be a good option if:

  • You have substantial retirement savings and want to avoid debt.

  • You’re comfortable with the business entity formation and compliance requirements.

  • You have been unable to qualify for traditional business financing, such as loans or venture capital.


ROBS may not be right if:

  • You’re uncomfortable putting your retirement savings at risk. Starting a new business is inherently risky, and losing money could significantly impact your retirement security.

  • You’re hesitant to take on the responsibility of maintaining compliance with IRS regulations, filing necessary paperwork, and meeting other legal obligations.

  • You’re unwilling to thoroughly research and work with a reputable provider experienced in ROBS transactions to ensure everything is done legally and correctly.


A ROBS transaction can be an effective method to fund a business using your retirement savings, but it’s not without its complexities and risks. Before deciding, evaluate your financial situation, risk tolerance, and business acumen. Consulting with legal and tax professionals is crucial to navigating the intricacies of ROBS successfully.


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